Complete Guide
History & Heritage Nestled on the lush Pelješac Peninsula in southern Croatia, the ancient city walls of Ston stand as a monumental testament to the region’s rich medieval heritage. Dating back to the 14th century, these formidable fortifications were constructed by the Republic of Ragusa (modern-day Dubrovnik) to protect its valuable salt pans and the strategic isthmus connecting the peninsula to the mainland. The walls, stretching over 5.5 kilometers, are among the longest defensive stone walls in Europe—second only to the Great Wall of China in length—and have earned Ston the nickname "The European Wall of China." The construction of the walls began in 1333, shortly after the Republic of Ragusa acquired the Pelješac Peninsula. The primary aim was to safeguard the lucrative salt works, which were a vital source of wealth for the republic, and to defend against potential invasions from neighboring powers. Over the centuries, the walls were expanded and reinforced, incorporating over 40 towers and five impressive fortresses, including the prominent Veliki Kaštio and Koruna fortresses. Architecturally, the walls are a marvel of medieval military engineering. Built from local limestone, they snake over the hills between the twin towns of Ston and Mali Ston, adapting ingeniously to the rugged terrain. The fortifications feature crenellated parapets, arched gateways, and watchtowers that once housed vigilant sentinels. The walls' imposing presence is a striking reminder of the region’s turbulent history, marked by sieges, skirmishes, and the constant threat of Ottoman expansion. Culturally, the walls are a cherished symbol of local identity and resilience. They have witnessed centuries of change, from the golden age of the Republic of Ragusa to the upheavals of the Napoleonic Wars and beyond. Today, they are protected as a national monument and are a source of immense pride for the people of Ston, who have worked diligently to preserve and restore this architectural treasure for future generations. ## What to Experience A visit to Ston’s ancient city walls is a journey through time and a feast for the senses. The main attraction is the walk along the walls themselves, which offers a unique blend of history, adventure, and natural beauty. The route begins in Ston, winding its way up steep stone staircases and along ramparts that afford sweeping views of the Adriatic Sea, the shimmering salt pans, and the verdant hills of Pelješac. As you ascend, you’ll pass through a series of imposing gates and towers, each with its own story to tell. The Veliki Kaštio fortress, located at the southern end of the walls, is particularly impressive, with its massive stone walls and commanding views over the town and surrounding countryside. Along the way, informative plaques provide fascinating insights into the history and construction of the fortifications. One of the most unique features of the Ston walls is their integration with the landscape. The walls rise and fall with the contours of the hills, creating a dramatic silhouette against the sky. The panoramic vistas from the highest points are truly breathtaking—on clear days, you can see all the way to the Elaphiti Islands and the distant mountains of the mainland. These viewpoints are perfect for photography enthusiasts, offering countless opportunities to capture the interplay of light, stone, and sea. Beyond the walls, the charming old town of Ston beckons with its narrow cobbled streets, ancient churches, and lively squares. The town’s layout still reflects its medieval origins, with a grid of streets radiating from the main square. Don’t miss the chance to explore the nearby salt pans, which have been in continuous operation since Roman times. Guided tours are available, offering a fascinating glimpse into the traditional methods of salt production that have shaped the town’s history and economy. Seasonal highlights abound in Ston. Spring and early autumn are ideal for walking the walls, with mild temperatures and lush greenery. In summer, the town comes alive with festivals and cultural events, while the golden light of late afternoon casts a magical glow over the stone ramparts. For families, the adventure of exploring the walls—climbing towers, peering through arrow slits, and imagining the lives of medieval defenders—makes for an unforgettable day out. ## Visitor Information A visit to Ston’s city walls typically takes between 1.5 to 3 hours, depending on your pace and how much time you spend exploring the various towers and viewpoints. The main entrance is located in the heart of Ston, with a well-marked path leading up to the walls. The route to Mali Ston is the most popular, offering the full experience of traversing the ridge between the two towns. For those with limited time or mobility, shorter sections of the walls can be explored from either end. The walk involves a fair number of stairs and some uneven surfaces, so comfortable footwear is essential. While the route is not fully accessible for strollers or wheelchairs, older children and active families will find it both manageable and exciting. Handrails and rest areas are provided at intervals, and there are shaded spots where you can pause to catch your breath and enjoy the views. Ston is a dog-friendly destination, and pets are welcome on the walls and surrounding trails. Be sure to keep dogs on a leash, especially in busier sections, and bring water for them during the warmer months. The open spaces and coastal breezes make it a pleasant outing for four-legged companions. Amenities in Ston include public restrooms, a tourist information center, and several cafes and restaurants where you can relax after your walk. Parking is available near the town center, with additional spaces in Mali Ston. Both towns are compact and easily explored on foot, making it easy to combine your wall walk with a leisurely stroll through the old town or a visit to the salt pans. ## Local Culture & Gastronomy Ston is renowned not only for its medieval walls but also for its rich culinary traditions. The town’s proximity to the sea and its historic salt pans have shaped a unique gastronomic heritage, with seafood and salt playing starring roles in local cuisine. Ston is particularly famous for its oysters and mussels, which are cultivated in the pristine waters of Mali Ston Bay. Many local restaurants offer fresh shellfish, served simply with lemon or as part of elaborate seafood platters. Other regional specialties include black risotto (crni rižot), made with cuttlefish ink, and brodet, a hearty fish stew simmered with tomatoes, wine, and aromatic herbs. The area is also known for its excellent wines, particularly those produced from the indigenous Plavac Mali grape, which thrives on the sun-drenched slopes of Pelješac. Cultural traditions are alive and well in Ston, with a calendar of festivals and events that celebrate the town’s history and heritage. The annual Ston Wall Marathon, held each September, invites participants to run along the ancient ramparts—a challenging but exhilarating experience. The Salt Festival, typically held in late summer, offers visitors the chance to learn about traditional salt harvesting, sample local delicacies, and enjoy live music and performances. For those interested in shopping, Ston’s small shops and market stalls offer a range of local products, from artisanal sea salt and olive oil to handmade crafts and souvenirs. These make for perfect mementos of your visit or thoughtful gifts for friends and family. ## Practical Tips Getting There: Ston is easily accessible by car from Dubrovnik, located about 55 kilometers to the southeast (approximately a one-hour drive). The scenic route along the Adriatic coast offers stunning views and several picturesque stops along the way. Public buses also connect Ston with Dubrovnik and other towns on the Pelješac Peninsula, though schedules may be limited outside the summer season. Parking: Ample parking is available near the entrance to the walls in Ston, as well as in Mali Ston. During peak season, it’s advisable to arrive early to secure a spot, especially if you plan to visit on weekends or during festivals. Tickets & Booking: Entry to the walls requires a ticket, which can be purchased at the main entrance or online in advance. Guided tours are available for those interested in a deeper dive into the history and architecture of the fortifications. During the high season, booking ahead is recommended to avoid queues. What to Bring: Wear comfortable walking shoes with good grip, as the stone steps can be slippery, especially after rain. Bring a hat, sunscreen, and plenty of water, particularly in the summer months. A camera or smartphone is a must for capturing the spectacular views. Insider Tips: - Start your walk early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the midday heat and crowds. - For a memorable picnic, pack some local cheese, olives, and fresh bread, and find a quiet spot along the walls to enjoy your meal with a view. - Combine your visit with a trip to the nearby salt pans or a seafood lunch in Mali Ston for a full day of exploration. - Check the local event calendar for festivals or special tours that may coincide with your visit. Ston’s ancient city walls offer a rare combination of history, adventure, and natural beauty. Whether you’re a passionate history buff, a nature lover, or a family seeking an educational outing, this remarkable destination promises an experience that will linger in your memory long after you’ve descended from its storied ramparts.